Comparison of whole blood and plasma potassium concentrations in dogs using the Reflovet system

Background: The Reflovet system is designed for chemical analysis of whole blood. However, plasma or serum is recommended for potassium analysis because of possible interference from RBC potassium. Because RBC potassium concentration is low in most canine erythrocytes, however, there should be little or no interference.
Objective: The objective of this study was to compare potassium results obtained in whole blood and in plasma from dogs using the Reflovet system.
Methods: Blood samples were collected from 104 dogs into lithium-heparin tubes. The potassium concentration was measured in whole blood, and subsequently the PCV was measured. Samples were centrifuged and the potassium concentration was measured in plasma. Comparisons were made using Deming's regression and Bland-Altman difference plots.
Results: There was very good correlation between results of potassium measurements in whole blood and plasma ( r = 0.93). Potassium values were moderately lower in whole blood: Potassium_blood= 0.912 × Potassium _plasma+ 0.119. Hemolysis had a negligible effect on the results, but the difference increased with the PCV value. In more than 90% of samples, the difference between the 2 measurements was ≤ 0.3 mmol/L.
Conclusion: There is only a negligible difference in most cases between potassium values in canine plasma and whole blood using the Reflovet system.     

Effect of diphacinone on blood coagulation in Spermophilus beecheyi as a basis for determining optimal timing of field bait applications

The effect was determined of a single dose of 2 mg kg-1 diphacinone on three blood-clotting parameters [Prothrombin Time (PT), Partial Thromboplastin Time (PTT), and Protein Induced by Vitamin K Absence or Antagonists (PIVKA)] over a 120-h period in California ground squirrels, Spermophilus beecheyi. Diphacinone resulted in elevated PT, PTT and PIVKA within 24 h of squirrels receiving the dose. The most significant change was observed 72 h after dosing. As time following diphacinone dosing increased, there was higher individual variation in blood-clotting time. We suggest that increasing the interval between field bait applications should still result in squirrel mortality but reduce the potential for secondary hazards that may occur when squirrels have the opportunity to consume more than one lethal dose of diphacinone.     

Effect of Acute Hyperglycaemia on the Serum Fructosamine and Blood Glycated Haemoglobin Concentrations in Canine Samples

The effect was studied of an acute and non-persistent hyperglycaemia on the serum fructosamine and blood glycated haemoglobin concentrations in canine samples. Five dogs were given glucose solution intravenously and blood samples were taken from each dog before and at 5, 15, 30, 60 and 120 min and 24 h after the infusion. There was an intense hyperglycaemia 5 min after the injection was given, but no statistically significant differences in the serum fructosamine and glycated haemoglobin were observed. It was concluded that an acute and transient hyperglycaemia does not cause significant changes in the glycated haemoglobin and fructosamine concentrations in healthy dogs.     

家蚕蛾黄翅的遗传分析与黄血基因的多效作用

在保存家蚕突变基因资源过程中调查发现：黄血蚕蛾翅在羽化之初呈鲜黄色,白血蚕均不然。通过与白血蚕（非黄翅）和黄血抑制基因（I）进行杂交试验,分析黄翅的遗传规律,结合普查家蚕突变系统蛾翅色性状,证明黄翅性状与幼虫黄脚一样,为黄血基因支配。进而记录了因黄血基因的多效作用在卵、幼虫、茧、成虫各阶段表现的形态特征。     

Use of whole blood for spectrophotometric determination of cholinesterase activity in dogs

Whole blood has been compared with erythrocytes and plasma for spectrophotometric cholinesterase determination in the dog. Cholinesterase activity was characterized using two substrates: acetylthiocholine and butyrylthiocholine. Acetylcholinesterase was the only form of cholinesterase present on erythrocytes and hydrolysed only acetylthiocholine. Butyrylcholinesterase (pseudocholinesterase) was predominant in plasma, hydrolysing mainly butyrylthiocholine. Based on these results, a method based on the use of two substrates (acetylthiocholine for monitoring acetylcholinesterase and butyrylthiocholine for determining butyrylcholinesterase) in the same whole blood sample is recommended for canine cholinesterase analysis. This way of monitoring both enzymes can be easily automated, yielding good within (CVs < 5%) and between-run (CVs < 7%) precision.     

秦川牛血液蛋白多态性与繁殖性状关系的研究

采用聚丙烯酰胺凝胶电泳技术测定了秦川牛（148头）血红蛋白（Hb）、运铁蛋白（Tf）、后运铁蛋白（PTf）、血清白蛋白（Alb）和后白蛋白（Pa）的遗传多样性。分析了各多态座位不同基因型与秦川牛若干繁殖性状的关系。结果表明：HbAA型母牛的初情期年龄（AFS），初产年龄（AFC）极显著早于HbAB型母牛（P〈0．01）。TfAA型母牛的初情期和初产年龄显著早于TfDD型母牛（P〈0．05）。PTf SS型母牛的初情期显著早于PTf FS型母牛和PTf FF型母牛（P〈0．05）。Alb AA型母牛的初情期显著早于Alb AC型母牛（P〈0．05）。Tf A基因对D基因的替代平均效应值初情期提前1．68d，初产年龄提前19．89d。AlbA基因对B基因的替代平均效应值初情期提前8．06d。     

铬对泌乳期奶牛的生产性能和主要生理指标的影响

研究了泌乳期奶牛日粮中添加吡啶羧酸铬或赖氨酸铬对其生产性能和血液主要生理指标的影响。选择75头泌乳前期（〈80d）的荷斯坦奶牛随机分为试验组A、B和对照组C。试验组A和B每天日粮中分别补充吡啶羧酸铬和赖氨酸铬，供试期间对照组C不添加有机铬。结果表明：铬可提高泌乳期奶牛的生产性能，增强和改善泌乳奶牛的免疫力和应激状态。试验组A和试验组B泌乳量高于对照组C（P〈0．01）；试验组B血清中的甘油三酯的浓度低于对照组C（P〈0．05）；试验组A血清中胰岛素浓度低于对照组C（P〈0．01）；试验组A和试验组B血清中葡萄糖浓度都高于对照组C（P〈0．01）；试验组A和试验组B血清中皮质醇的浓度分别比对照组C低7．21nmol／L和4．92nmol／L，试验组A和试验组B血清中IgG的浓度分别比对照组C高2．1g／L和3．1g／L。     

白萨福克羊和特克塞尔羊生理生化常值的测定

本试验对白萨福克羊(White Suffolk)和特克塞尔羊(Texel)的6项生理指标、10项生化指标按冬春季、夏季和秋季三个不同阶段进行了全面测定。白萨福克羊和特克塞尔羊的生理指标随季节变化而变化。白萨福克公、母羊夏季的体温和呼吸极显著高于冬春季、秋季的体温和呼吸,特克塞尔公、母羊夏季的体温和呼吸极显著高于冬春季的体温和呼吸(P<0.01);两个品种公、母羊各种类型的白细胞变化均在正常范围内。两个品种羊在秋季和冬春季葡萄糖含量都较高,略高于藏羊含量,是对寒冷适应性的表现;血液钙水平较高,表明对较高海拔的代谢适应性。     

杜泊羊血液蛋白质多态性分析

采用垂直板高pH值不连续聚丙烯酰胺凝胶电泳对21只杜泊羊的血红蛋白(Hb)、转铁蛋白(Tf)、白蛋白(Alb)、前白蛋白(Pa)和慢α2球蛋白(Sα2)5个基因座的多态性进行了分析。结果表明杜泊羊的Hb、Tf位点存在多态性,Hb位点共检测到HbA和HbB2个等位基因,构成HbAA、HbBB、HbAB3种基因型,其中HbBB和HbB为优势基因型和优势基因;Tf位点共检测到TfDD、TfCC、TfBD、TfCD4种基因型,受TfB、TfC、TfD3个复等位基因控制,其中TfCC、TfDD基因型和TfC、TfD基因为优势基因型和优势基因。试验未在Alb、Pa和Sα2位点检测出多态性,它们均呈现单态。     

3种雉科鸟类血液生理指标的比较研究

为了解勺鸡、雉鸡和石鸡血液生理参数的正常值及其特点,为人工饲养繁殖以及健康状况监测提供参考依据,采用常规方法,对人工饲养的3种雉科鸟类(勺鸡、雉鸡和石鸡)红细胞数、白细胞总数、白细胞分类计数、血小板数、血红蛋白含量、红细胞沉降率、红细胞体积及红细胞比容8项血液生理指标进行了测定。结果表明,雉鸡的血小板明显高于勺鸡和石鸡(P<0.05);其它7项血液生理指标3种鸟之间差异不显著(P>0.05)。